Fairthwaite was originally a 1000-acre deer park for Thurland Castle, enclosed for that purpose by licence granted in 1402. With 100 acres of meadowland, 350 acres of pasture, 330 acres of rough grazing and 100 acres of woodland, it is presently a livestock farm, with mainly Aberdeen Angus X, some 650 Swaledale sheep and 450 mules. The main woodland is a Biological Heritage site and a recent Royal Commission Survey of the northern uplands shows a complex late Neolithic human settlement.