One of the most striking features of the Forest is the open expanse of semi-natural vegetation at its heart. Here an ancient lowland landscape of heathland, bogs, woodlands and streams, is still maintained through the grazing of thousands of New Forest ponies and cattle, owned by commoners. The system of land ownership and commoning was formalised in the 11th century when the New Forest or ‘Nova Foresta’ was established as a royal Forest under Forest law.